Journal: Communications Biology

Article Title: Environmentally relevant lanthanum chloride exposure induces hepatic steatosis in zebrafish larvae via PPAR α -dependent ApoB suppression

doi: 10.1038/s42003-026-09697-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Volcano plot; b Heatmap of DEGs related to liver development and hepatic lipid metabolism; c KEGG analysis; d Circos diagram showing the relationship between key DEGs and KEGG pathways; e Correlation analysis between the key DEGs and TG-VLDL metabolism-related SDMs; f qPCR validation, n = 4–5/group; g Inhibitory effect of LaCl 3 on PPAR α -driven luciferase activity in HEK-293T cells. Different letters indicate statistically significant differences among groups ( p < 0.0001); n = 4–5/group; h Model of how PPAR α -mediated TG-VLDL biosynthesis inhibition. Mean ± S.E.M.

Article Snippet: For mechanism exploration, the same LaCl 3 exposure regimen (2–120 hpf) was co-treated with PPAR α agonist (GW7647, 1 μM; 99.45%; MCE, CAS: 265129-71-3, USA), OA (0.2 μM; 99%, Aladdin, CAS: 112-80-1, China), or MG132 (1 μM; 98%, Aladdin, CAS: 1211877-36-9, China).

Techniques: Biomarker Discovery, Luciferase, Activity Assay, Inhibition

Journal: Communications Biology

Article Title: Environmentally relevant lanthanum chloride exposure induces hepatic steatosis in zebrafish larvae via PPAR α -dependent ApoB suppression

doi: 10.1038/s42003-026-09697-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: a , b Representative images and quantitative analysis of liver fluorescence for each group (Control, LaCl 3 , and LaCl 3 + GW7647) at 120 hpf, n = 17–18/group; c Representative images of H&E staining in the liver sections. Red arrows indicate lipid droplets, black arrows indicate nuclear deformation, and orange arrows indicate vacuolization, n = 5/group. d , e Representative images and quantitative analysis of ORO staining in larvae, n = 15/group. The level of ( f ) TG, ( g ) VLDL, ( h ) FFA, ( i ) ALT, and ( j ) AST, n = 4–5/group. k Expression levels of PPAR α pathway-related genes for each group, n = 4–5/group; ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001, exact p values are provided in the Supplementary Data. l , m Western blot analysis of Ppara in zebrafish hepatic tissues, n = 4/group; n Schematic diagram of PPAR α in the regulation of LaCl 3 -induced TG-VLDL biosynthesis inhibition. Mean ± S.E.M.

Article Snippet: For mechanism exploration, the same LaCl 3 exposure regimen (2–120 hpf) was co-treated with PPAR α agonist (GW7647, 1 μM; 99.45%; MCE, CAS: 265129-71-3, USA), OA (0.2 μM; 99%, Aladdin, CAS: 112-80-1, China), or MG132 (1 μM; 98%, Aladdin, CAS: 1211877-36-9, China).

Techniques: Fluorescence, Control, Staining, Expressing, Western Blot, Inhibition

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Long-Term Intestinal Epithelial Remodeling Induced by Acute Protein-Energy Malnutrition

doi: 10.1101/2025.10.20.683425

Figure Lengend Snippet: A) Expression of Gdf15 , Pparg and Pparbd were assessed in small intestinal tissue of both CONVR and GF mice subjected to PEM and after recovery. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001 and ****p < 0.0001, ns = non-significant. Significance testing was performed using Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney-Test. B) Schematic drawing of organoid intervention experiment. Murine intestinal organoids were first cultured in ENR-CV stem cell organoid medium and then Paneth cell differentiation was induced using ENR-CD or PEM-CD medium. Stimulants (recombinant GDF15 [1 µg/ml], pan-PPAR-agonist Lanifibranor [20 µM] or the lipid 9-HODE [1 µM] were added during initial ENR-CD and PEM-CD culture and kept throughout the experimental duration. All experiments were performed independently at least twice in triplicates. C-E) Relative Lyz1 , Defa5 and Gdf15 mRNA expression in organoids during Paneth cell differentiation and stimulated with (C) recombinant GDF15, (D) the Pan-PPAR-agonist Lanifibranor or the lipid (E) 9-HODE. Note that PPAR-activation boosts GDF15 levels thereby blocking Paneth cell differentiation and the bacterial PEM metabolite 9-HODE also suppresses Paneth cell differentiation. *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001, ****: p < 0.0001 and ns = not significant using Mann-Whitney U test.

Article Snippet: Organoids were divided into experimental groups and stimulated with 1 μg E. coli derived recombinant mouse GDF15 (R&D Systems, 8944-GD) per 500 μl organoid medium for up to 120h, 20 μM of the pan-PPAR agonist Lanifibranor (MedChemExpress, HY-104049) for 24h to 96h or 1 μM 9(S)-HODE (Sigma Aldrich, SML0503) for 24h to 96h.

Techniques: Expressing, MANN-WHITNEY, Cell Culture, Cell Differentiation, Recombinant, Activation Assay, Blocking Assay

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Long-Term Intestinal Epithelial Remodeling Induced by Acute Protein-Energy Malnutrition

doi: 10.1101/2025.10.20.683425

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression of Lyz1 and Gdf15 were assessed in intestinal organoids stimulated with the (A) pan-PPAR-agonist Lanifibranor [20 µM] or the (B) lipid 9-HODE [1 µM] during Paneth cell differentiation. Note that stimulation with Lanifibranor or 9-HODE did not alter Lyz1 or Gdf15 expression in contrast to stimulation during PEM as shown in .

Article Snippet: Organoids were divided into experimental groups and stimulated with 1 μg E. coli derived recombinant mouse GDF15 (R&D Systems, 8944-GD) per 500 μl organoid medium for up to 120h, 20 μM of the pan-PPAR agonist Lanifibranor (MedChemExpress, HY-104049) for 24h to 96h or 1 μM 9(S)-HODE (Sigma Aldrich, SML0503) for 24h to 96h.

Techniques: Expressing, Cell Differentiation